- Fixed by birth
- Geographical mobility is movement between different places; Social mobility is movement between different social positions (e.g. from farm labourer to doctor)
- Because of social changes ( e.g. geographical mobility, higher living standards, more married women working, the welfare state, better housing, labour saving technology in the home).
- Because conditions were harsh, there was no welfare state and the extended family provided mutual aid.
- A set of beliefs supporting male domination
- By socializing children as ‘docile’ workers
- Marxist feminists see the main cause of women’s oppression as capitalism. Radical feminists see men as the source of women’s oppression
- Such as: the Sex Discrimination Act. Equal Pay Act; improved access to higher education; a larger number of female MPs
