- The main focus is on crime reduction through control, containment and punishment, rather than on tackling the causes of crime.
- The police should deal with even the smallest signs of disorder, so that more serious crime will not develop.
- Low intelligence; personality traits such as extroversion and aggression; lack of impulse control.
- The availability of goods and the way they are advertised through the media makes people more aware of massive differences in wealth, and raises expectations for all.
- The way in which some individuals are pushed to the edge of mainstream society and have no political or economic voice.
- How deprived someone feels compared to others, or compared to their expectations.
- Reducing economic inequality and insecurity; involving the public in policing policy (democratic or consensus policing); developing a multi-agency approach, using local organisations; ceasing military policing that alienates the community.
- Both deal with crime as a real problem; both take fear of crime into account; both consider the victims.
