- The Hindu belief that India is superior to other nations because of its Hindu values.
- Strict literal adherence to scripture; tradition; compulsory, unquestioning lifestyle.
- Religion spread by colonial conquest; evangelical and fundamentalist religion driven by mass following.
- Abortion; gay marriage; gender equality; secular education.
- Resistant identity is the response of those who retreat defensively into fundamentalism; project identity is the response of those who become involved with forward-looking social movements.
- Because of increased contact through globalisation, and the increasing importance of religious identity, following the decline of political differences.
- Hostility is based on political issues rather than religion; it does not take account of divisions within ‘civilisations’; the theory itself promoted hostility and stereotyping.
- Values concerning self-expression, such as diversity and gender equality.
