Ethical Issues in PO

Punch (1994) suggests that ethical concerns can be summarised under four headings: harm; consent; deception; privacy and confidentiality of data. Explain what each of these means in the context of studying crime and deviance. Consider each of the following studies,...

Participant and Non-Participant Observation

Although participant observation is the main observational method referred to in texts, it is important that you understand the use of non-participant observation as well. If non-participant observation is seen as ‘bird-watching’, then we also need to compare...

Something to Think About : Observation

Question 1: For an early participant observation study, a group of researchers joined a religious cult whose members believed the end of the world was imminent and who were preparing for this catastrophe to make sure they all survived as the ‘chosen ones’. The...

Observation : Answers to QuickCheck Questions

A standardised method of observation that allows all researchers to operate in the same way. The group under study is often very small; the group is often selected by chance and/or opportunity. It may involve deception of participants; there is little possibility of...